Step 2 – Semantics First: Structure Your HTML

Why Semantics Matter in Accessibility

Screen readers and other assistive tools rely heavily on semantic markup. Properly structured HTML elements improve navigation, reading flow, and overall usability. Additionally, semantic HTML enhances SEO performance because search engines prioritize content that is well-structured and meaningful.

Core Semantic Elements to Use

• <header>, <main>, <footer> – Define clear page landmarks.
• <article>, <section>, <aside> – Organize content meaningfully.
• <nav> – Identify navigation menus for quick access.
• <h1>–<h6> – Provide a logical heading hierarchy.
• <form> with labels – Ensure forms are accessible.

Best Practices for Semantic Structure

1. Use one <h1> per page to define the main topic.
2. Maintain a clear, logical order with <h2>, <h3>, etc.
3. Avoid using <div> or <span> when a semantic element exists.
4. Provide ARIA roles only when native HTML elements are insufficient.
5. Test with a screen reader to confirm proper navigation flow.

Benefits of Semantic HTML

By prioritizing semantic structure, you create a website that is:

• Accessible – Assistive technologies can interpret content correctly.
• SEO-friendly – Search engines index content more effectively.
• User-friendly – Improves readability and navigation for all users.